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The immune system is specifically responsible for defending the body against infections. It operates through a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to identify and eliminate pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. Components of the immune system include white blood cells, antibodies, and the lymphatic system, which play crucial roles in recognizing foreign invaders and mounting an appropriate response. This system not only combats infections when they occur but also develops a memory of specific pathogens, enabling the body to respond more efficiently to future infections.

In contrast, the respiratory system is primarily concerned with the exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) and maintaining sound health in relation to breathing. The circulatory system is responsible for transporting blood, nutrients, and waste products throughout the body, while the nervous system focuses on transmitting signals between different parts of the body, controlling movements, and processing sensory information. Though these systems contribute to overall health and can indirectly support immune functions, they are not specifically tasked with defending against infections.